Buddhism Questions

1. Siddhartha Gautama 

2. The four passing sights consisted of an old man, a sick man, a corpse and a wondering ascetic. The first three sights showed the Buddha that life is suffering and the impermanent nature of life's pleasures. The fourth sight consumed Siddhartha with elation and hope, and he believed that it was now his calling to become one. 

3.The middle way is a basic Buddhist doctrine and teaching that rejects both the pleasures of sensual indulgence and the self denial of asceticism, focusing instead on a particular approach to spiritual attainment.

4. Gautama had overcome the distractions of fear and passion, represented in legends by Mara and his daughters. He ascended through levels of ever deepening awareness, until he could perceive with perfect clarity the true nature of the human condition.

5. Buddhist community of monks and nuns.

6. The Buddha, the Dharma, and and the Sangha.

7. Buddhism and Hinduism both see time as cyclical. They both believe the universe is eternal, and profess the idea of rebirth. 

8. Siddhartha hated the idea of the caste system and the brahman.

9. Anatta = "no-self"

Anicca  ="impermanence"

Dukkha = "suffering"

10. There is no reality within, no essence underlying existence  no eternal substratum that is truly real, enduring beyond the present moment. "the essences of Buddhism is that there is no essence"

11. Karma is actually reborn. The nature of rebirth depends on the status of one's karma.

12. Precepts:

= Do not take life

=Do not take what is not given

= Do not engage in sensous misconduct

=Do not use false speech

=Do not drink intoxicants

Monks:

= Do not eat after noon.

= Do not watch dancing or shows.

= Do not use garlands, perfumes or ordaments

= Do not use a high or soft bed

= Do not accept gold or silver.

13."suffering" "frustration" "dislocation" "discomfort". Referring to not being comfortable with life.

14.  Second of the 4 Nobel truths, meaning selfish desire, which causes dukkha

15.  

=Right views

=Right intentions

=Right Speech

=Right conduct

=Right livelihood

=Right effort

=Right mindfulness

=Right meditation

16. Buddha does not have a model for nirvana. Buddhists do.

17. One has become enlightened; the ideal type for Theravada Buddhists. 

18. "worthy one"

19. Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana.

20. Meditation on the teachings of buddha.

21."The great vehicle", is called this because it is the most popular form of buddhism.

22. Harness energy of desire for good

23. He is the leader of Buddhism, chosen by destiny

24. China, cambodia, Japan, Korea

Hinduism Chapter Review Questions

1. Moksha most nearly relates to the Hindu concept of "spiritual release." Moksha occurs when one a person fulfills perfect dharma, and form there, the person is released from the finite ending world and into the infinite and the divine, ultimate peace, being, and awareness.
2. Monism states that all reality is ultimately one. An analogy that describes this is the fact that bodies of water such as rivers, streams, and lakes are all different things but are all made up of water.
3. Brahman is the common essence that all things possess. Atman is the eternal self that is present in all living things and is made up of Brahman.
4. The general function of Hinduism's many deities is to help them reach the one ultimate reality which is Brahman.
5. Samsara is the idea of an individual being reincarnated from life-form to another.
6. The Bhagavad-Gita is Hinduism's most poplar sacred text.
7. Karma and dharma are the two concepts that connect the divine to reality. Karma is when one's actions and duties can determine how one will be born into their next life. Dharma refers to the ethical duty that one must perform based on his or her position in the divine order of reality.
8. Brahmins are priests, kshatriyas are warriors and administrators, vaishyas are farmers, merchants, and artisans, and shudras are servants and laborers.
9. Krishna encourages Arjuna to engage in war against his family members because his duty should come before his emotions in order to please the gods and achieve good karma. He also says that he must detach himself from his actions and the consequences of those actions.
10. Student - when a Hindu boy studies the Vedas.
Householder - when a Hindu boy marries and begins to expand his family.
Forest dweller - when Hindu man engages in a form of spiritual quest to retreat from worldly bonds.
Ascetic - old man continues detachment and prepares for death
11. The four goals of life are:
Kama -sensual pleasure
Artha - material success
Adhering to one's dharma
Striving to achieve moksha
12. Three Paths to Liberation:
Karma Marga -"Path of Works" in which you partake in good deeds.
Jnana Marga - "Path of Knowledge" in which you study, learn, and meditate.
Bhakti Marga - "Path of Devotion" in which you perform rituals that show devotion to your god.
13. The three basic schools of philosophy are Vedanta, Sankhya, and Yoga. All three are concerned with the attainment of knowledge over the ignorance of that binds the self to samsara.
14. Brahma is referenced as the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva is the Destroyer.
15. An avatar is an incarnation, or living embodiement of a deity, who is sent to earth to accomplish a divine purpose. Krishna is Vishnu's avatar in the Bhagavad-Gita. Rama is Vishnu's avatar in the Ramayana.
16. The Bhagavad-Gita is the Hindu text that is most closely associated with bhakti marga.
17. Hindu devotional life consists of household and village rituals, cow veneration, and places. 
18. Gandhi influenced Hinduism because he showcased that it is okay to accept other beliefs and idealogies. All paths are welcome to lead to one true divinity.
19. The Indian government officially forbade discrimination against outcastes and has established programs that help these people achieve social and economic rights.
20. Sati is the burning of a widow. Sati has been officially forbidden, however sometimes it still happens.
21. In 1947, the partition of India split india into Pakistan, which was muslim and India, which was hindu. They were separated social aspects and geographical aspects.