1.) Some forms of religions are called primary religions because they provide special insight into the ritual and mythic aspects of religion and because most religions stem from them. Characteristics= do not depend on scriptures or written teachings, ritualistic, diverse.
2.) Believed the world was originally formless. However, with time supernatural beings called ancestors emerged and walked around earth. The ancestors constructed the landscape, created forms of life, including human beings. After they formulated people in to tribes , determined where these tribes would reside and then figured out each's language, social rules, and customs.
3.) The spiritual essence of the ancestors, was seen as a sacred power
4.) Totem= a tribal or personal association with an animal or p;ant as a source of identity and spiritual power
Taboo= prohibitions of certain behaviors for fear of dangerous contact with spiritual powers
5.) because it only through ritual that the sacred power of the Dreaming can be accomplished.
6.) Originate form a myth that tells a certain of certain actions of the ancestors during dreaming
7.) awaken young people to their spiritual self and also simultaneously changes their social self within the tribe
8.) Middle teeth being knocked out and buried in the ground, circumcision
9.) western regions of central africa, in Nigeria, Benin and Togo.
10.) believe that the god orisha-nla first began to create the world
11.) believed that reality is divided into 2 seperate worlds: heaven= the visible home of the gods and the ancestors. earth= the world of normalcy the visible home for human beings
12.) Supreme God of Yoruba, is the primary original source of power in the universe.
13.)Many deities the yoruba worship, mediate between Olorun and human beings
14.) Orisha-nla= created the earth Ogun= god of iron and war
15.) a mischievous supernatural being
16.) Family ancestors= earned a good reputation and lived to an old age, worshipped only by their families
Deifies ancestors= important human figures throughout yoruba, worshipped by large numbers of people
17.) mediate between the gods and ancestors in heaven, and human beings on earth.
18.)someones future can be learned, important because knowing your further it important for deciding what you want to do with your life.
19.) twenty to thirty thousand years ago, migrated form asia by crossing over the Bering Strait and gradually spread out and eventually inhabited large regions of both North and South America.
20.) The religion serves as the model of pan-indian religion
21.) Lakota name for the supreme reality, "Great Spirit", "Great Mysterious"
22.) the lakota trickster figure, taught the first humans their ways and customs
23.) believed that 4 souls depart from a person at death, one which journey's along the "spirit path" of the Milky Way. The soul meets an old woman, who judges it and either allows it to continue tot he other world of the ancestors, or sends it back to earth as a ghost. Meanwhile parts of the other souls enter unborn children an dare reborn in new bodies.
24.) try to gain access to spiritual power that will ensure greater success in activities such as hunting, warfare, and curing the ill.
25.) meant to purify the person about to go on their vision quest, darl and airtight hut made of saplings and covered with animal skins.
26.) a guardian spirit
27.) a sacred leader, medicine man
28.) general= center of the universe sun dance= tree represents the supreme being
29.) believe their bodies are the only things they truly own, the dancers regard bodily mutation as the only suitable sacrifice to offer to the supreme being.
30.) defy= instead of being a small group, they were highly populated, lived in urban areas like= emphasized the interrelationship between myth and ritual, predated catholicism
31.) Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and costa rica
32.) Quetzalcoatl, Teotihuacan
33.)god's earthly devotee, provides the aztecs with the perfect role model for their own authority figures
34.) the golden age, mythic pattern for the ideal civilization
35.)Having 4 quadrants extending outward from the center of the universe, which connected the earthly realm to the many-layered heavenly realm above and the many-layered underworld below.
36.)because of the potency of the divine sources
37.)communicate with the gods and make offerings through language providing an alternative to sacrifice
38.) was due in part to the religion of the aztecs
39.)the Aztecs set aside time each year to perform similar rituals devoted to the same basic purpose.
40.)all-encompassing nature of religion, change, communication between the ancestors and the living is thought to take place regularly.
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